**1. Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 AD)**
- A period marked by political instability, economic decline, and external invasions. Nearly 20 men claimed the emperor's throne in a 50-year span, leading to widespread chaos and weakening of the empire.
**2. Reign of Diocletian (284-305 AD)**
- Diocletian implemented significant administrative reforms, dividing the empire into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, each with its own emperor (Augustus) and deputy emperor (Caesar).
**3. Constantine the Great (306-337 AD)**
- After winning the civil wars, Constantine became the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. He founded Constantinople in 330 AD as a "New Rome," which later became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
**4. Barbarian Invasions (4th-5th Century)**
- Various Germanic tribes such as the Visigoths, Vandals, and Ostrogoths began to invade the territories of the Western Roman Empire.
**5. Sack of Rome by the Visigoths (410 AD)**
- Led by King Alaric, the Visigoths sacked Rome, marking the first time in 800 years that Rome had fallen to a foreign enemy.
**6. Attila the Hun's Invasion (mid-5th Century)**
- Attila led the Huns in invasions across the Balkans and Gaul. In 452 AD, he invaded Italy but did not manage to capture Rome.
**7. Sack of Rome by the Vandals (455 AD)**
- The Vandal king Genseric captured and plundered Rome, further weakening the Western Roman Empire.
**8. Deposition of the Last Western Roman Emperor (476 AD)**
- Romulus Augustulus, often considered the last Western Roman Emperor, was deposed by the Germanic chieftain Odoacer. This event is traditionally marked as the end of the Western Roman Empire.
**9. Survival of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire**
- While the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD, the Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople, continued to thrive for another thousand years until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD.
These events collectively represent the gradual decline and ultimate fall of the Western Roman Empire, influenced by internal strife, economic difficulties, and external pressures from various invading populations.
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