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Molecular gastronomy is a subdiscipline of food science that seeks to investigate the physical and chemical transformations of ingredients that occur in cooking. Its program includes three areas, as cooking was recognized to have three components: social, artistic, and technical. Molecular cuisine is a modern style of cooking, and takes advantage of many technical innovations from the scientific disciplines.

When applied to cocktails, molecular gastronomy combines mixology with scientific methods to create innovative and sometimes surprising drinks. Here are a few techniques commonly used in molecular mixology:

1. **Spherification**: This technique involves creating small spheres, which visually and texturally resemble caviar. The spheres burst in the mouth, releasing the liquid inside. Spherification can be used to encapsulate flavors in a cocktail, adding a fun and unexpected element.

2. **Foams and Airs**: Using various agents such as lecithin, mixologists can create light, airy foams that sit atop cocktails, adding a new textural experience. These foams can carry flavors that enhance the drinking experience.

3. **Gels**: Ingredients can be transformed into gels with different textures using agents like agar-agar. This can be used to create interesting garnishes or even replace traditional ice cubes with flavored gel cubes that slowly dissolve into the drink.

4. **Liquid Nitrogen**: Used for rapid freezing, liquid nitrogen can create very smooth frozen cocktails or instant sorbets used in or alongside drinks. It's also spectacular to watch, creating a dramatic fog effect.

5. **Carbonation and Fizz**: Adding carbon dioxide to a cocktail mixture to create effervescence. This can be done through traditional methods like a soda siphon or through more novel techniques such as dry ice.

### Example of a Molecular Gastronomy Cocktail Recipe: Magic Mojito

#### Ingredients:
- 50 ml white rum
- 30 ml lime juice
- 20 ml simple syrup
- 10 fresh mint leaves
- Soda water
- Calcium lactate
- Sodium alginate bath (2% sodium alginate solution in water)
- Lime zest and additional mint for garnish

#### Instructions:

1. **Prepare Sodium Alginate Bath**: Dissolve sodium alginate in water by blending it with an immersion blender. Let it sit for a few hours to remove any air bubbles.

2. **Mix Cocktail Base**: In a blender, combine rum, lime juice, simple syrup, mint leaves, and calcium lactate. Blend until smooth.

3. **Spherification**: Using a pipette, drip the mojito mixture into the sodium alginate bath to form small spheres. Let them sit for about 1 minute, then gently remove them using a slotted spoon and rinse them in water.

4. **Assemble the Drink**: Place the mojito spheres in a glass. Add crushed ice, a splash of soda water, and garnish with lime zest and mint leaves.

5. **Serve**: Enjoy the burst of flavor as the spheres dissolve in your mouth!

Molecular gastronomy cocktails often involve a show, making the experience as much about the presentation as it is about flavor and texture. Experimenting with different techniques can lead to unique creations that are sure to impress your guests.